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SPECIAL REGULATIONS. NO. 23
Field Physical Training
"" of the Soldier
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WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1917
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SPECIAL REGULATIONS, NO. 23.
WAR DEPARTMENT.
Washington, May 10, 1911.
1. The field physical training of the soldier will be carried
out in accordance with the directions laid down in this syllabus,
prepared by Capt. Herman J. Koehler, United States Army,
master of the sword, instructor in military gymnastics, etc..
United States Military Academy.
2. A battalion inspector-instructor will be appointed for each
battalion under their command by the camp commanders. This
officer shall be responsible for this training in the battalion to
which he is assigned.
3. The syllabus is based upon the Manual of Physical Train-
ing for use in the Army, to which reference should be made in
case more detailed information is desired.
4. These directions will also apply to the training of officers
of or candidates for the Officers' Reserve Corps, except as re-
gards the time devoted daily to this instruction. Camp com-
manders in charge of the instruction of reserve officers and
candidates will take all necessary steps to have all those attend-
ing these camps thoroughly Instructed in the principles, theory,
and the practical application of this training, as herein laid
down, so that every reserve officer will be qualified to impart
his instruction intelligently when he enters active service.
[2590795 A. G. O.].
By obdeb of the Secret aky of War :
H. L. SCOTT,
Major General, Chief of Staff,
Official :
H. P. McCain.
The Adjutant General.
8
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Paragraph.
Section I. General object 1-9
II. General scope 10-17
III. Instruction 18-23
IV. Hints to instructors 24-31
V. Commands 32
VI. Positions and formations 33-35
VII. General remarks 36-44
VIII. Lessons for recruits 4.5-56
IX. Field training of trained soldiers 57-<51
X. Lessons for trained soldiers 62-65
XI. Gymnastic contests 66-76
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FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE
SOLDIER.
Section I.
GENERAL OBJECT.
Paragraph.
Efficiency of military establishments 1
Demands of modern warfare 2
Necessity for physical training 3
Object sought by this course 4
What course must embrace 5-9
1. Efficiency of Military Establishments. — ^That the efficiency
of a military establishment is in a direct ratio to the physical
fitness of its individual units has never before been demon-
strated so forcibly as it has been during the present war.
The demands made upon those engaged in this conflict are so
far in excess of what was thought to be the limit of human
endurance, judged by a before-the-war standard, that it is al-
most impossible to conjecture even what that limit really is.
2. Demands of modern warfare. — ^While modern warfare has
not hesitated to impress almost every known science into its
service for the purpose of overcoming man, tlie trained man has
up to the present time demonstrated his ability to hold his own
against the most terrible odds successfully ; and in the end it
will be discovered that it is the man, the carefully trained and
conditioned man, who alone can make victory possible.
3. Necessity for physical training. — With these facts before
us it follows logically that the physical training, development,
and conditioning of those recruited for the military service
must be the first and most important concern of a nation at
war.
4. Object sought by this course. — The object, therefore, that
a course in physical training for recruits must aim to attain is
the development of every individual's physical attributes to the
fullest extent of their possibilities, so that he may enter upon
the duties his profession imposes \vith the utmost confidence in
his ability to discharge them successfully under any and all
circumstances.
7
8 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIER.
5. What course must embrace. — In order to accomplish this
object the course must embrace those means that will develop :
(o) General health and organic vigor.
(b) Muscular and nervous strength, endurance and forti-
tude.
(c) Self-reliance and confidence.
(d) Smartness, activity, alertness, and precision.
6. As the extent of the development of all the physical attrib-
utes is determined by health and vigor, these must be consid-
ered the basis of all physical training.
7. The possession of robust health and organic vigor is not,
however, sufficient for the field soldier ; his profession requires
that he also possess more than the average amount of muscular
and nervous strength, endurance, and -fortitude, against which
he may draw in times of stress.
8. With robust health and organic vigor as a basis, and with
the Ijnowledge that he possesses an unusual amount of muscular
and nervous strength, he must be taught how to conserve the
former and how to use the latter to the best advantage. By
learning to do this he will unwittingly develop self-reliance and
confidence, which are, after all, physical qualities, since they
give to him the courage to dare because of the consciousness of
the ability to do.
9. Smartness, activity, alertness, and precision are all phys-
ical expressions of mental activity, and as such they are the
powers that guide and control the physical forces to the best ad-
vantage. They also make for personal pride and self-respect and
discipline, the voluntary, intelligent, coordinated, and equal sub-
ordination of every individual unit, through which alone the
objects of the mass can be achieved.
Section II.
GENERAL SCOPE.
Paragraph.
Scope of activities 30
Setting-up exercises 11
Lessons to be progressive 12
Conditioning and concluding exercises 13
Rifle exercises 14
Bayonet training 15
Vaulting and obstacle course 16
Athletics, games and contests 17
10. Scope of activities. — The scope of field physical training is
necessarily limited to those activities that can be indulged in
without the aid of any appliances, or with the aid of such
appliances as may be improvised, and, finally, with such as the
equipment of the soldier provides.
These means embrace:
1. Setting-up exercises.
2. Marching and exercising in marching.
3. Double timing and exercises in double timing.
4. Jumping.
5. Rifle exercises.
6. Bayonet exercises.
7. Vaulting and overcoming obstacles.
8. Athletic games and contests.
11. Setting-up exercises. — The setting-up exercises are to be
considered the basis for all other activities. Their importance
can not be overestimated, as by means of them alone it is
possible to effect an all-round development impossible by any
other means, while their disciplinary value is almost as great
as their physical value.
In the prescribed course only those exercises have been in-
cluded whose value from a physiological and military point of
view is unquestioned.
12. Lessons to be progressive. — The lessons are progressive,
each one being complete in itself with respect to the results
they are intended to produce. Exercises for all parts of the
body are Included, arms, neck, shoulders, trunk, and legs are
employefl in every lesson, for the purpose of every lesson is
the harmonious development of the entire bodp. Thus each
lesson contains a disciplinary feature; a repetition of the
various starting positions, the " manual of arms " of physical
97492°— 17 2 9
10 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIEE.
training; an Introductory arm movement; and in the order
named, leg exercise, trunlc exercise, turning; leg exercise;
trunk exercise, dorsal ; shoulder exercise ; trunk exercise,
lateral ; arm exercise ; trunk exercise, abdominal ; balancing
exercise, and a breathing exercise. This sequence is adhered
to in general in every lesson.
13. Conditioning and concluding exercises. — Following the set-
ting-up exercise, and in the order named, such general condition-
ing exercises as Marching, Jumping, Double timing. Gymnastic
contests, and the Concluding or restorative exercises should be
given.
14. Rifle exercises. — Rifle exercises have for their object the
dcA'elopment of " handiness " with the piece, which is dependent
upon the strength of the muscles of the arms, shoulders, upper
chest, and back. Only those described on page 134 of the
Manual of Physical Training are recommended for recruit
training.
15. Bayonet training. — Bayonet training, aside from its mili-
tary value, is a most important adjunct to the physical train-
ing course, as it not only calls into play every muscle of the
body, but makes for alertness, agility, quick perception, decision,
aggressiveness, and confidence. The instruction in bayonet
training should be carried out in accordance with the Bayonet
Training Manual.
16. Vaulting and obstacle course. — Vaulting and overcoming
obstacles are exercises of application, and should be practiced
upon such appliances, bars, fences, etc., as may be readily im-
provised.
17. Athletics, games, and gymnastic contests. — Athletics,
games, and contests should be considered recreational and only
such athletics, games, or contests in which it is possible to
employ large numbers at the same time and in which the
element of personal contact predominates should be practiced.
(See Manual of Physical Training, pp. 301-313.)
Section III.
INSTRUCTION.
Paragraph.
Instruction material 18
Morning period 19
Afternoon period 20
Endurance exercises 21
Officer in charge of instruction 22
Number of men to be Instructed 23
18. Instruction material. — Tlie instruction material of the
field physical training for recruits should be divided into two
daily periods, each of an hour's duration, and the course should
be completed in three months.
The morning period should begin an hour and a half after
breakfast, and the afternoon period should end a half hour before
retreat.
19. Morning period.
1. Disciplinary exercises. — Two minutes, including starting
positions. These are composed of going from at ease or rest to
the position of attention and the facings. When these are fol-
lowed by a few snappy executions of the starting positions, the
mind of the recruit is concentrated upon the work to follow.
2. Starting positions. — One minute, going from one to another
with accuracy, snap, and speed.
3. Setting-up exercises. — Twenty minutes.
As stated before, these are the most important of the training
course. Every movement must be executed with greatest accu-
racy, precisian, and smartness. Proper posture must constantly
be insisted upon, and in order to develop an intelligent responsive-
ness attention should be called to the object of each movement
and also to the muscles that are being employed.
Each movement of every exercise should be performed sepa-
rately at a command, that is indicative of the movement, and
lield while corrections are made. This static execution, after a
few repetitions, should then be followed by performing the exer-
cises in response to commands given in a regular cadence, which,
however, should be so divided that the men have an opportunity
to maintain each position momentarily before moving into the
next. Finally, in order to relax the muscles that were employed
11
12 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIER.
and to inculcate rhythm and coordinated mass movement and
develop flexibility, the exercises should be repeated rhythmically
several times.
4. Marching and exercises while marching. — Five to eight min-
utes. The object of these exercises is the development of proper
poise and carriage while marching.
The leg and trunk exercises prescribed will develop supple-
ness, strength, and endurance, while the arm exercises are in-
tended to develop coordination. The military gait is described
on page 88 of the Manual of Physical Training. In marching
or while standing, except when at attention, the toes should be
turned straight to the front.
5. Jumping. — Five to eight minutes.
When indulged in as a gymnastic exercise, where a series of
moderate jumps are taken in succession, it is essentially a leg
and heart developing exercise of moderate severity. When used
athletically it necessarily becomes more severe.
The men must be taught to take-ofC with either foot.
For military purposes it should be used as a medium to teach
men to overcome such obstacles as are likely to present them-
selves in the field. See page 193 of the Manual of Physical
Training.
Jumping exercises should be developed gradually, and in the
beginning form and precision, rather than distance, should be
constantly insisted upon. As the men become more proficient,
they may be caused to extend themselves gradually.
6. Double timing^ — Five minutes.
There is no exercise that will develop condition, vigor, and
endurance as double timing at a moderate rate of speed. In
the service men will be taught how to double at the least
physical expenditure, so that in case of an emergency they will
be able to cover considerable distances and arrive at their des-
tination fit. Toes should be turned straight to the front while
double timing.
The exercises described in this course are intended to lay the
foundation for future efficiency ; the leg exercises on the double
are intended to develop flexibility and mobility, the heels should
therefore be kept clear of the ground.
Breathing should always be carried on through the nostrils.
The difference between the military double, running and the
so-called flexion run, should be explained. See Manual of Train-
ing, pages 310 and 311.
Endurance runs should form part of the afternoon period,
instructors being cautioned to proceed cautiously and train the
men carefully. The regulation speed and stride prescribed by
the Drill Regulations is recommended.
7. Gymnastic contests. — Ten minutes. Every lesson shoiild
terminate with one or more of the contests described on pages
39-40.
8. Concluding exercises are intended to diminish the heart
action and restore normal respiration.
mSTRTICTION. IS
20. Afternoon period. — ^Tlie afternoon period sliould be de-
voted to —
1. Bayonet training, 80 minutes.
2. Games and contests, 30 minutes, alternating daily witli —
(1) Bombing practice, 20 minutes.
(2) Conditioning exercises, double timing to develop
endurance; vaulting and overcoming obstacles, 15
minutes.
(3) Rifle exercise, 10 minutes.
21. Endurance exercises. — For endurance running a regular
measured course should be laid out, and an obstacle course of
about 100 yards should ue provided, the obstacles in the course
to consist of a (1) 5-foot shallow ditch ; (2) a row of low 2i-foot
hurdles; (3) a bar fence with a top bar adjustable from 3 to
4i feet; (4) a sand-bag wall 4i feet high; (5) a shallow ditch 8
feet wide; (6) a 7-foot wall; (7) an elevated balance run 48
feet long; (8) a 2i-foot hurdle.
Intervals between the obstacles to be 12 yards. Other ob-
stacles may be introduced; if natural obstacles are available,
they should be utilized.
The course should be wide enough to accommodate a platoon
at one time, allowing about 5 feet per man.
By starting the men at 25-yard intervals a whole company
may be engaged at one time, a single course being sufficient for
an entire battalion or even a regiment.
22. Officer in charge of instruction. — ^The direction of this
training should be placed in charge of a battalion inspector-
instructor, who shall train the company officers and the platoon
leaders so that they may be able to impart this instruction
intelligently to the men of their command.
23. Number of men to be instructed, — As a rule this training
should not be imparted to any unit greater than a platoon. For
disciplinary reasons and in order to weld the company into a
compact, alert, and quick unit, and, lastly to create a spirit of
enthusiasm, v/hich can not be accomplished by any other means
as effectually as by this, the whole company should be drilled
as a unit at least once a week.
When the men become proficient a whole battalion may occa-
sionally be drilled together.
14 FIELD PHYSICAL TKAINING OF THE SOLDIEE.
Section IV.
HINTS TO INSTRUCTORS.
Paragraph.
Instructors must be conscientious 24
Drill must be made attractive 25
Exercise the means, not the end 26
Respiration while exercising 27
Time for physical drills 28
"Before reveille" drills : 29
TTnlform to be worn 30
Instruction to be an inspiration 31
24. Instructors must be conscientious. — Instructors must go
at this work conscientiously ; they must be well prepared and
in every way qualified to conduct this work successfully, for in
no profession does the individuality and the ability of an in-
structor count for as much as in the military, and particularly
in this phase of it.
Instructors must therefore always be an example to the men ;
be stripped and ready for action and prepared not only to
describe an exercise minutely and clearly but to perform it
correctly.
25. Drill must be made attractive. — The drill should be made
as attractive as possible. It should act as an exhilarant, and
this will not result if the mind, which exerts more influence
upon the body than any extraneous influence, is not employed,
for it is impossible to brighten a man's physical faculties if his
mental faculties are being dulled, and vice versa.
26. Exercise the means, not the end. — It should be borne in
mind constantly that the exercises are the means and not the
end, and that it is the application of an exercise rather than the
exercise itself that brings results. Whenever a doubt arises in
an instructor's mind as to the effect of an exercise, or the con-
dition of a man, he should always err on the side of safety.
Underdoing is rectiflable; overdoing is often not.
27. Eespiration while exercising. — Every exercise should, if
possible, be accompanied by an uninterrupted act of respiration ;
inhalation, whenever possible, should accompany that part of
an exercise that tends to elevate and extend the thorax, while
exhalation should accompany that part of an exercise that tends
to exert a pressure on the chest walls.
28. Time for physical drills. — Exercises should never be in-
dulged in immediately before or after a meal; digestion is
HINTS TO INSTRUCTORS. 1«
of primary importance at such times. An hour and a half
should elapse after meals before engaging in any strenuous
exercises, and, if possible, such exercises should terminate an
hour or at least a half hour before eating.
29. " Before reveille " drills. — " Before reveille exercises " are
not recommended ; if indulged in at all, they should never go
beyond a few arm stretchings and relaxed trunk-bending ex-
ercises ; just exertion enough to mildly accelerate circulation.
30. TTniform to be worn. — The uniform to be worn will de-
pend upon the season of the year and the weather conditions.
During the summer undershirts, loosely laced breeches, and
tennis shoes may be worn ; during the colder months flannel
olive drab shirts and the ordinary shoe should be prescribed.
The leggins will not be worn.
After exercising the underclothing should be immediately
removed ; and if It is impossible to bathe, the body should be
thoroughly rubbed dry with a coarse towel.
31. Instruction to be an inspiration. — Finally, instructors must
constantly be an inspiration to the men, for only by giving
themselves up without stint can they expect to be successful.
16 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIEK.
Section V.
COMMANDS.
Paragraph.
Kinds of commands, and how given 32
32. Kinds of commands, and how given. — There are two kinds,
preparatory and executive.
The preparatory command describes and specifies what is
desired and the executive command calls what lias been de-
scribed into action.
Preparatory commands are usually printed in ordinary, or
italic, type, and executive commands in CAPITALS.
Thus : 1. Arms forward, 2. RAISE.
The tone of the command should always be animated, dis-
tinct, and of a loudness proportioned to the number of men for
whom it is intended.
Instructors should cultivate a proper command, as its value
as a tributary to the success of any military drill can not be
overestimated.
After an exercise has been described, its various movements
or parts should be performed at executive words, which indi-
cate not only the movement that is desired but the manner of
the execution. Thus: 1. Trunk forward, 2. BEND, 3. RE-
COVER (or RAISE), here the word hend is drawn to indicate
moderately slow execution; the recovery being a little faster,
the word recover should be spoken to indicate it.
The word RECOVER should always be used to bring the
men back to the original position.
If it is desired to continue an exercise, the command EXER-
CISE should be used and the cadence or rythm should be in-
dicated by words or numerals. If numerals are used, they
should equal the number of movements composing the exercise.
Thus an exercise of two movements will be repeated at one,
tiDo; one of four movements will require four counts, etc.
The numeral or word preceding the command HALT sliould
always be given with a rising inflection in order to prepare the
men for the command halt.
Thus : 1. Thrust arms forward, 2. EXERCISE, one, two, one,
two, one, HALT.
If any movement af any exercise is to be performed with
more energy than the others, the word or numeral corresponding
to that movement should be emphasized.
Section VI.
POSITIONS AND FORMATIONS.
Taragraph.
Tosltion of attention 33
Position of rest and at ease 34
Formations 35
33. Position of attention. — ^This is the position an unarmed,
dismounted soldier assumes when in ranlis or whenever the com-
mand attention is given.
In the training of anyone nothing equals the importance of
a proper posture; it is the very foundation upon which the
entire fabric of any successful course in physical training must
he founded.
Instructors must persist in tlie development of this position
until the men assume it from habit.
At the command 1. Company (Squad, etc.), 2. ATTENTION,
the following position is assumed :
1. Heels together and on a line.
If the heels are not on a line, the hips, and some-
times even the shoulders, are thrown out of line.
2. Feet turned out equally, forming an angle of 45°.
If the feet are not turned out equally, the result
will be the same as above.
3. Knees extended without stiffness.
Muscles should be contracted just enough to keep
the knees straight.
4. The trunk erect upon the hips, the spine extended
throughout its entire length ; the buttocks well forward.
The position of the trunk, spine, and buttocks Is
most essential. In extending the spine the men must
feel that the trunk is being stretched up from the waist
until the back is as straight as it can be made.
In stretching tlie spine the chest should be arched
and raised, without, however, raising the shoulders or
interfering with natural respiration.
5. Shoulders falling naturally and moved back until they
are square.
Being square, means having the shoulder ridge and
the point of the shoulder at right angles to a general
anterior-posterior plane running through the body.
They should never be forced back of this plane but
out rather in line with it.
97492°— 17 3 17
18 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIER.
G. Arms hanging naturally, thumbs against the seams of
the trousers, fingers extended, and back of hand turned
out.
The arms must not be forcibly extended nor held
rigidly ; if they are, a compensating faulty curve will
occur in the lumbar region.
7. Head erect, chin i-aiscd until neck is vertical, eyes fixed
upon some object at their own lieight.
Every tendency to draw tlie chin in must be counter-
acted.
8. When this position is correctly assumed, the men will
be taught to incline the body foncard until the weight
rests chiefly upon tlie balls of the feet, heels resting
lightly upon the ground.
When properly assumed, a vertical line drawn from
the top of the head should pass in front of the ear,
shoulder, and thighs, and find its base at the balls
of the feet.
Every tendency toward rigidity must be avoided;
all muscles are contracted only enough to maintain
this position, which is one of coordination, of physical
and mental alertness, that makes for mobility, ac-
tivity, and grace.
34. Position of rest and at ease. — When men are standing at
rest or at ease they must be cautioned to avoid assuming any
position that will nullify the object of the position of Attention.
Standing on one leg, folding arms, allowing shoulders or head
to droop forward, must be discountenanced persistently until
the men form the habit of resting with feet separated but on
the same line, hands clasped behind the back — head, shoulders,
and trunk erect. (M. P. T., pp. 21 and 22.)
35. Formations. — When exercising in small squads, the men
" fall in " in a single rank and, after having " counted off " by
fours, three, or twos, as the instructor may direct, distance is
taken at the command: 1. Take distance, 2. March, 3. Squad,
4. HALT. At March, No. 1 moves forward, being followed by
the other numbers at intervals of four paces. HALT is com-
manded when all have their distances.
At the discretion of the instructor the distance may be any
number of paces, the men being first cautioned to that effect.
When distance is taken from the double rank. No. 1 of the
rear rank follows No. 4 of the front rank, and he is in turn
followed by the other numbers of the rear rank.
If the Instructor desires the files to cover, he commands : 1.
In file, 2. COVER. Nos. 1 stand fast, the others moving to
the right with the side step until the Nos. 1 are. covered.
To return to original formation, the instructor commands :
1. Assemble. 2. MARCH. No. 1 of the front rank stands fast
and the other numbers move forward to their original places.
Section VII.
GENERAL REMARKS.
Paragraph.
What course comprises 36
Number of times an exercise should be repeated , .S7
Exercising to point of exhaustion 38
Starting positions and commands therefor in first four lessons 39
i'rogressive difficulty, how obtained 40
Significance of numbers bracketed after exercises 41
Instructors mast familiarize themselves with work 42
Delinition of the stilde and straddle positions 43
Frequency of rests 44
36. What course comprises. — The following course comprises
12 lessons, one for each week of the three mouths' training
course. No advance lessons should, however, be taken up until
satisfactory proficiency has been made in the preceding lesson.
At the discretion of the instructor the essential principles of
the last lesson may be incorporated in the advance lesson.
37. Number of times an exercise should be repeated. — The
number of times au exercise should be repeated has not been
specified, as that will depend entirely upon the strength, apti-
tude, and proficiency of the men and upon the common sense of
the instructor, who is again warned to err upon the side of
safety.
38. Exercising to point of exhaustion. — To exercise men to
the point of exhaustion is not only liable to result seriously, but
it kills the spirit and enthusiasm of the men, and without these
successful military training of any kind is impossible. It can
not be impressed too urgently upon instructors and upon others
connected with the training of recruits that this drill, particu-
larly the morning drill, must leave the men fit, able, and eager
for their other tasks with an increased rather than with a
diminished amount of exuberance.
Instructors who have not the faculty of obtaining this result
should not be intrusted with this instruction.
39. Starting positions and commands therefor in first four les-
sons.— In the first four lessons the starting position from which
the exercises are executed and the commands for assuming
the.se positions are given. In the other lesson these commands
are omitted, instructors, it is taken for granted, being able to
substitute the proper commands.
40. Progressive difficulty, how obtained. — In a general way the
difficulty of an exercise is increased progressively by adding to
19
20 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINHTO OF THE SOLDIER.
the radius of action, by employing two or more parts of the body
simultaneously, or by changing the radius of action in conjunction
with the principal movement. Thus In the trunk exercises the
part about which the movement takes place is held fixed by the
hands in the begluuing. When sufficient coordination has been
developed and these parts can be controlled without the aid of
the hands, the radius is augmented by assuming certain hori-
zontal or vertical positions with the arms; finally, difficulty
is added by changing the radius of action from one plane to
another, or from one position to another in the same plane simul-
taneously with tlie principal movement. It will thus become
necessary to impress upon the men tlie necessity of learning to
move one or more parts of the body independently of those
that are not specifically employed.
41. Significance of numbers bracketed after exercises. — Where
bracketed numbers are found after an exercise, they refer to
pages in the Manual of Physical Training, where similar exer-
cises are illustrated and described.
42. Instructors must familiarize themselves with work. — In-
structors are cautioned that success can only be expected if
they themselves are thoroughly familiar with every exercise.
43. Definition of the stride and straddle positions. — Where
the term stride is used in the lessons it signifies the movement
of one foot in the direction indicated to a distance of about 20
inches; the term straddle signifies the separation of both feet
simultaneously, with a slight hop, the distance between the
feet is about 30 inches. In both positions the weight is divided
equally upon both feet.
44. Frequency of rests. — In the beginning frequent rests should
be given ; later, as the men become better conditioned, the fre-
quency of the rests should be decreased.
Short and snappy drills are always to be preferred to long
and tedious ones.
Section VIII.
LESSONS FOR RECRUITS.
Paragraph.
Mrst lesson 45
Second lesson 46
Third lesson 47
Fourth lesson 48
Fifth lesson 49
Sixth lesson 50
Seventh lesson 51
Eighth lesson 52
Ninth lesson 53
Tenth lesson 54
Eleventh lesson 55
Twelfth lesson 56
45. First lesson. — A. Disciplinary Elxercises. 1, Attention ; 2.
At Ease ; 3. Rest ; 4. Facings.
B. Starting Positions. (M.P.T., pp. 25 to 29.)
O. Setting up Exercises (every exercise has two motions) :
1. Arms forward, 2. RAISE. Swing arms downward
and forward.
2. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Rise on toes. (33.)
3. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Bend head bacliward;
same, forward. (38.)
4. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Turn trunk right ; same,
left. (40.)
5. Arms to thrust, 2. RAISE. Half bend knees slowly.
(35.)
6. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Bend trunk forward.
(36.)
7. Arms to thrust, 2. RAISE. Raise and lower shoul-
ders. (32.)
8. Hands on hips. 2. PLACE. Bend trunk sideward,
right; same, left. (37.)
9. Arms forward, 2. RAISE. Stretch arras sideward.
(43.)
10. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Bend trunk backward.
(34.)
11. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Raise knees forward
alternatingly. (41.)
12. Breathing Exercise : Inhale, raising arms sideward ;
exhale, lowering arms.
D. Marching Exercises:
1. Marching in column in quick time and halting.
2. Same, marking time, marching forward and halting.
3. Same, marching on toes.
NoTK. — .Tumping and double-timing exercises and contests should not
be Included in the first week's work.
21
22 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIER.
46. Second lesson. — A. Disciplinary Exercises. Same as ii»
first lesson.
B. Starting positions.
C. Setting-up Exercises (every exercise has two motions) :
1. Arms forward, 2. RAISE. Swing arms sideward.
2. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Rise on toes. (33.)
3. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Turn head right ; same,.
left. (41.)
4. Hands on shoulders, 2. PLACE. Turn trunk side-
ward, right: same. left. (40.)
5. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Full bend knees, slowly.
(39.)
6. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Bend trunk forward.
(36.)
7. Arms to thrust, 2. RAISE. Move shoulders for-
ward and backward. (35.)
8. Arms sideward. 2. RAISE. Bend trunk sideward,
right; same, left. (31.)
9. From Attention. Stretch arms forward and side-
ward.
10. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Bend trunk backward.
(34.)
IJ. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Extend right and left
leg forward. (44.)
12. Breathing Exercise: Inhale, raising arms sideward
and upward ; exhale, lowering arms sideward.
D. Marching Exercises :
1. Marching in column in quick time, mark time,.
marching in quick time and halting. (88.)
2. Marching on toes. (89.)
3. Marching on toes and rocking.
B. Jumping Exercises :
1. Rise on toes and arms forward, 2. RAISE. Swins
arms downward and bend knees ; swing arras for-
ward and extend knees, and recover Attention.
2. Jumping in place. (193.)
F. Double Timing :
1. Doul)le timing, change to quick time and halting^
(92.)
G. Concluding Exercises :
1. Breathing exercise, raising and lowering arms side-
ward.
LESSONS FOR RECRUITS. 23
47. Third lesson. — A. Disciplinarj' Exercises, as in first lesson.
B. Starting Positions.
O. Setting-up Exercises:
ifl. Arms forvvarcl, 2, RAISE. Swing arms downward
and sideward. (4 motions.)
»2. Hands on liips, 2. PLAO:. Rise on riglit and left
toes, alternatingly. (4 motions.) (46.)
3. Hands on liips, 2. PLACE. Bend liead forward and
backward. (4 motions.) (38.)
4. Arms sideward, 2. RAISE. Turn trunk riglit and
left. (4 motions.) (53.)
5. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Rise on toes and full
bend knees slowly. (4 motions.) (39.)
6. Fingers in rear of head, 2. PLACE. Bend trunk
forward. (2 motions.) (42.)
7. Arms to thrust, 2. RAISE. Move shoulders for-
ward, upward, backward, and recover. (4
motions. )
8. Hands on shoulders, 2. PLACE. Bend trunk side-
ward, right, and left. (4 motions.) (37.)
9. From Attention. Stretch arms sideward, upward,
sideward, and recover. (4 motions.)
10. Hands on slioulders, 2. PLACE. Bend trunk back-
ward. (2 motions.) (34.)
11. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. P^xtend right and left
leg backward. (2 motions.)
12. Breathing Exercise : Inhale, raising arms forward.
upward ; and exhale, lowering arms sideward,
down.
D. Marching Exercises:
1. Marching in quick time, raising knees. (89.)
2. Thrusting arms sideward.
E. Jumping Exercises:
1. Standing broad jump.
2. Three successive broad jumps.
F. Double Timing:
1. Double timing. (92.)
2. Double timing, marking time in the double and
forward.
3. Double timing and halting from the double.
G. Gynniastic Contests. Two of these games should be in-
cluded in each lesson. See pp. 39-40.
H. Concluding Exercises:
1. Breathing exercise, as in 12.
24 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIER.
48. Fourth lesson. — A. Disciplinary Exercises, as in first lesson.
B. Starting? Positions.
C. Setting-up Exercises:
1. Hands on shoulders, 2. PLACE. Extend arms for-
ward ; swing sideward, forward, and recover.
(4 motions.)
2. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Rise on toes quickly.
(2 motions.) (33.)
3. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Turn head right and
left. (4 motions.) (41.)
4. Arms upward, 2. RAISE. Turn trunk right and
left. (4 motions.)
5. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Half bend knees.
quickly. (2 motions.) (3.5.)
6. Arms sideward, 2. RAISE. Bend trunk forward.
(2 motions.)
7. Hands on slioulders, 2. PLACE. Move elbows for-
ward, and stretch backward. (2 motions.) (45.)
8. Arms upward, 2. RAISE. Bend trunk sideward.
right and left. (4 motions.)
9. From Attention. Stretcli arms forward, sideward,
upward, sideward, forward, and recover. (6
motions. )
10. Arms sideward, 2. RAISE. Bend trunk backward.
(2 motion.s.)
11. Hands on hips, 2. PLACE. Extend legs sideward.
(2 motions.)
12. Breathing Exercise : 1. Inliale, raising arms forward,
upward ; exhale, lowering arms sideward.
D. Marching Exercises :
1. Marching in quick time raising knees, and rising on
toes of other foot.
2. Raising heels.
3. Thrusting arms sideward.
E. Jumping Exercises:
1. Three successive standing broad jumps.
2. Jumping in place, raising knees.
F. Double Timing:
1. Double timing.
2. Raising heels.
3. Double timing, sideward, crossing legs.
G. Gymnastic Contests.
H. Concluding Exercises :
1. Swing arms forward, upward, relaxed.
2. Breathing exercise, as in 12.
LESSONS FOB, BECRUITS. 96
49. Fifth lesson. — A. Disciplinary Exercises.
B. Starting Positions.
C Setting-up Exercises:
1. Arms to tlirust. Thrust arms upward ; swing down-
ward; forward; upward, and recover. (4 mo-
tions. (55.)
2. Hands in rear of head. Rise on toes and rock. (2
motions.) (39.)
3. Hands on hips. Bend head forward and backward.
(4 motions.)
4. Hands on shoulders. Turn trunk right and left,
stretching arms sideward. (4 motions.) (52.)
5. Full bend knees. Hands on ground between knees,
squatting position, extend right and left leg back-
ward, alternatingly. (4 motions.) (65.)
6. Hands on shoulders. Bend trunk forward and
stretch arms sideward. (2 motions.) (51.)
7. From Attention. " Curl " shoulders forward and
stretch backward. (2 motions.) (38.)
8. Hands on shoulders. Bend trunk sideward, right
and left, extending arms sideward. (4 motions.)
(65.)
9. From Attention. Flex forearms vertically ; extend
upward ; flex and recover. (4 motions.) (54.)
10. Hands on shoulders. Bend trunk backward, stretch-
ing arms sideward. (2 motions.) (56.)
11. From Attention. Raise arms forward and extend
leg forward ; stretch arms sideward, extending leg
backward; move arms and leg to first position
and recover Attention. (4 motions.) (53.)
12. Breathing Exercise : Raise arms sideward ; upward ;
and lower laterally quickly. (4 motions.)
D. Marching Exercises:
1. March in quick time and swing extended leg for-
ward, ankle high.
2. Raising knee and hopping on other foot.
3. From arms forward. Swing arms upward.
E. Jumping Exercises:
1. Standing hop, step and jump.
2. Preliminary running broad jumps.
3. Broad jump from a walking start of four paces.
(197.)
F. Double Timing:
1. Double timing.
2. Double timing sideward, crossing leg In front.
3. Double timing, raising knees.
G. Gymnastic Contests.
H. Concluding Exercises:
1. Bend trunk forward and backward, relaxed.
2. Breathing exercise, as In 12.
26 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIER.
50. Sixth lesson. — A. Disciplinary Exercises.
B. Starting Positions.
C. Setting-up Exercises:
1. Hands on shoulders. Extend arms forward, swing-
ing right arm up, left down ; return to front hori-
zontal and recover ; same, reversed. (8 motions.)
2. Hands on hips. Rise on toes; bend knees quickly,
extending arms sideward; recover. (4 motions.)
3. Hands on hips. Turn head, right and left, and bend
forward and backward. (8 motions.)
4. Arms upward. Turn trunk, right and left, stretch-
ing arms to side horizontal, palms up. (4 mo-
tions. )
5. From Attention. Bend knees to squatting position
(see exercise 5, lesson 5) and extend legs back-
ward to front leaning rest; return to squatting
position, and recover position of Attention. (4
motions. ) ( 58. )
6. Hands on hips. Full bend trunk forward, stretch-
ing arms downward. (2 motions.)
7. Arms sideward. Rotate arms forward and back-
ward. (2 motions.) (52.)
8. Hands on hips. Bend trunk sideward, right and
left, stretching opposite arm upward. (4 mo-
tions. )
9. From Attention. Stretch arms forward ; sideward ;
upward; sideward; forward and recover. (6
motions. )
10. Arms upward. Bend trunk backward, stretching
arms to side horizontal, palms up. (2 motions.)
11. From Attention. Stretch arms sideward, extending
leg sideward. (2 motions.)
12. Breathing Exercise: Raising arms forward, up-
ward, and lowering laterally.
D. Marching Exercises :
1. Marching in quick time.
2. Swing extended leg forward, knee high.
3. Raising knee and extend leg forward.
4. Extend arms sideward, from hands on shoulders.
E. Jumping Exercises :
1. Broad jump, walking start of 8 paces.
2. Broad jump, running start of 6 paces.
3. Hop, step, and jump, from walking start of 8 paces.
Take-off to be from the right and left foot.
F. Double Timing :
1. Double timing.
2. Swinging extend leg forward.
3. Raising knees.
G. Gymnastic Contests.
H. Concluding Exercises :
1. Swing arms forward and sideward, relaxed.
2. Breathing exercise, as in 12.
LESSONS FOR RECRUITS. 27
51. Seventh lesson. — A. Disciplinary Exercises.
B. Starting Positions.
C. Setting-up Exercises :
1. Raise riglit arm upward. Swing right arm for-
ward, downward ; left forward, upward, and re-
verse. (2 motions.)
2. Hands on hips. Hop alternatingly on right and left
foot, extending leg forward. (4 motions.)
3. Hands on hips. Necls exercises.
4. Stride sideward right and raise arms forward.
2. STRIDE. Turn trunli right and left, stretch-
ing arms to side horizontal. (4 motions.)
5. From Attention. Bend knees to squatting position ;
extend legs to leaning rest (see exercise 5, les-
son 6), bend and extend arms, return to squat-
ting position and recover Attention. (6 motions.)
6. Arms to thrust. Thrust arms forward, sideward,
upward, and down. (8 motions.)
7. Stride sideward right and raise arms sideward.
2. STRIDE. Full bend trunk forward, stretching
arms downward. (2 motions.)
8. Side stride right, arms forward. Bend trunk side-
Avard, right and left, stretching arms sideward,
palms down. (4 motions.)
9. From Attention. Stretch arms as in sixth lesson,
rising on toes with upward stretch. (6 motions.)
10. Side stride right, arms forward. Bend trunk back-
ward, stretching arms sideward, palms up. (2
motions. )
11. Front stride right, arms forward. Stretch arms
sideward, extending left leg backward. (2 mo-
tions. )
12. Breathing Exercise: Raising arms sideward, up-
ward, and lower sideward.
D. Marching Exercises :
1. Marching in quick time.
2. Raising knees.
3. Swing arms downward and forward, and sideward
from arms forward.
4. Swing extended leg forward, waist high.
E. Jumping Exercises :
1. Broad jump, facing right, running start of 12
paces.
2. Same, facing left.
3. Broad jump, raising knees, running start of 8
paces.
F. Double Timing:
1. Double timing.
2. Raising leg backward.
3. Lengthening stride,
G. Gymnastic Contests.
H. Concluding Exercises :
1. Bending trunk forward and backward, relaxed.
2. Breathing exercise, as In 12.
28 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIER.
52. Eighth lesson. — A. Disciplinary Exercises.
B. Starting Positions.
O. Setting-up Exercises:
1. Arms sideward, palms up. Circumduct arms back-
ward. (2 motions.)
2. Hands on shoulders. Rise on toes, extending arms
upward. (2 motions.)
3. Side stride right, hands on hips. Neck exercises.
4. Side stride right, arms sideward. Turn trunk, riglit
and left, stretching arms upward. (4 motions.)
5. From Attention. Bend knees to squatting position ;
extend legs to leaning rest, legs separated ; bentl
and extend arms ; return to squatting position
and recover Attention. (6 motions.)
6. Arms to thrust. Thrust right arm upward and left
down, and alternate. (4 motions.)
7. Side stride right, arms sideward. Bend trunk for-
ward, stretching arms obliquely forward; \ip-
ward, and bend trunk backward, stretching arms
sideward. (4 motions.)
8. Side stride right, arms sideward. Bend trunk side-
ward, right and left, stretching arms upward.
(4 motions.)
9. From Attention. Stretch arms, rising on toes as in
seventh lesson. (6 motions.)
10. Side stride right, hands on hips. Rise on toes, full
bend knees, and extend arms sideward. (4 mo-
tions. )
11. From Attention. Stretch arms sideward, extending
leg forward ; stretch arms upward, extending leg
backward; return to first position and recover.
(4 motions.)
12. Breathing Exercise: Raising and lowering arms
laterally.
D. Marching Exercises :
1. Marching in quick time.
2. Raise knee and hop on other foot.
3. Lunging step. (90.)
4. Circumduct arms backward, from arms sideward.
E. Jumping Exercises :
1. Standing broad jump for distance.
2. Standing three jumps for distance.
3. Standing hop, step, and jump for distance.
F. Double Timing :
1. Double timing.
2. Lengthening step.
3. Swinging extended leg forward.
G. Gymnastic Contests.
H. Concluding Exercises :
1. Circling arms outward, relaxed.
2. Breathing exercise, as in 12.
LESSONS FOE BECRTJITS. 29
53. Ninth lesson. — ^A. Disciplinary Exercises.
B. Starting Positions.
C. Setting-up Exercises:
1. Flex forearms horizontally ; fling arms sideward ;
flex forearms and recover. (4 motions.)
2. Side stride right, with arms forward. Rise on toes,
swinging arms forward — upward. (2 motions.)
3. Hands on hips. Neck exercises.
4. Hop to side straddle, arms forward, fingers laced.
Turn trunk, right and left, swinging arms side-
ward, right and left. (2 motions.)
5. Arms to thrust. Quarter, half, and full bend
knees; thrusting arms sideward. (4 motions.)
6. Hop to side straddle, arms upward. Full bend trunk
forward, swinging arms between legs; swing
arms upward and bend trunk backward. (2 mo-
tions.) (63.)
7. Hands on shoulders. Extend right arm upward and
left sideward, and reverse. (4 motions.)
8. Side straddle, arms sideward. Bend trunk side-
ward, right and left, swinging right, left, arm
downward to the rear and left, right, arm up-
ward. (2 motions.)
9. From Attention. Stretching arms forward; up-
ward; sideward, and down. (4 motions.)
10. From Attention. Bend knees to squatting position ;
extend to front leaning rest ; change to right side
leaning rest ; to front leaning rest ; squatting po-
sition, and recover Attention. Same going to left
side leaning rest. (6 motions.)
11. Hands on hips. Swing legs forward, waist high,
alternately, extending corresponding arm for-
ward. (57.)
12. Breathing Exercise: Raising arms sideward, ob-
liquely upward, lowering sideward.
D. Marching Exercises :
1. Marching in quick time.
2. Raising knees.
3. Raising heels.
4. Extending arms upward, from hands on shoulders.
E. Jumping Exercises :
1. Running broad jump for distance.
2. Running hop, step, and jump for distance.
F. Double Timing:
1. Double timing.
2. With jumping stride.
3. Sideward, crossing legs.
G. Gymnastic Contests.
H. Concluding Exercises:
1. Bending trunk sideward, relaxed.
2. Breathing exercise, as in 12.
30 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIEB.
54. Tenth lesson. — A. Disciplinary Exercises.
B. Starting Positions.
C. Setting-up Exercises:
1. Anns sideward. Circle arms outward and inward.
(4 motions.)
2. Side straddle, arms forward. Rise on toes, stretch-
ing arms sideward ; bend linees, stretching arms
upward ; and return in reverse order, and recover.
(4 motions.)
3. Hands on hips. Neck exercises.
4. Side straddle, arms sideward. Turn trunk right
and left, lacing fingers beliind liead. (4 motions.)
5. From Attention. Bend knees to squatting position ;
extend legs to leaning rest; straddle legs side-
ward; close legs, and recover Attention. (6 mo-
tions. )
6. Hands on shoulders. Extend arms forward, side-
ward, and upward, alternatingly. (6 motions.)
7. Side straddle, hands on hips. Full bend trunk for-
ward, extending arms downward ; bend trunk
backward and extend arms sideward, palms up ;
recover in reverse order. (4 motions.)
8. Arms forward. Lunge forward, right and left,
swinging arms sideward. (4 motions.)
9. Side straddle, arms sideward. Sway trunk side-
ward from right to left. (2 motions.)
10. Hands on shoulders, hands closed. Strike arms
sideward. (2 motions.) (36.)
11. Arms sideward. Swing extended right, left, leg for-
ward and backward. (2 motions.)
12. Breathing Exercise : Stretching arms forward and
outward to side; upward oblique, and lower lat-
erally.
D. Marching Exercises :
1. Marching in quick time.
2. Raising knee and rising on toes of opposite foot.
3. Thrust arms forward and sideward.
4. Hands on hips, bend trunk forward, stretching left
arm downward as the left foot strikes the ground ;
recover as the right foot comes forward ; same on
right foot.
E. Jumping Exercises :
1. Running broad jump, raising knees.
2. Running broad jump, executing complete turn in
the start just before taking off.
3. Same, with two turns.
P. Double Timing:
1. Double timing.
2. Running sideward, crossing legs.
3. Galloping right, or left, foot leading.
G. Gymnastic Contests.
H. Concluding Exercises:
1. Trunk swaying forward and backward.
2. Breathing exercise, as in 12.
LESSONS FOE RECRTJITS. 81
55. Eleventh lesson. — A. Disciplinary Exercises.
B. Starting Positions.
C. Setting-up Exercises:
1. From Attention. Swing arms forward, upward, and
lower, backward. (2 motions.)
2. Full bend knees, arms sideward. Rock on knees, cir-
cumducting arms backward. (2 motions.) (56.)
3. Hands on hips. Neck exercises.
4. Side straddle, arms upward. Turn trunk right, and
left, and stretch arms sideward. (4 motions.)
5. Sitting position. This i)osition is reached by cross-
ing the right leg over the left and bending the
knees ; arms folded. Lower to prone position and
rise to sitting position. (2 motions.) Recover
Attention by crossing legs and extending knees,
facing about. Men should be cautioned to inhale
before lowering or raising the body.
6. From Attention. Flex arms horizontally, fling side-
ward, flex and recover. (4 motions.)
7. Side straddle, hands on hips. Full bend trunk forward
and extend arms downward ; raise and bend trunk
backward, stretching arms sideward ; bend forward,
lowering arms forward, and recover. (4 motions. )
8. From Attention. " Curl " shoulders forward and
stretch backward. (38.)
9. Side straddle, arms sideward. Bend trunk sideward
right, bending right knee and swinging right arm
down to the rear, left obliquely upward ; recover ;
same left. (4 motions.)
10. From Attention. Hop to side straddle and back to
Attention, raising arms sideward, upward, and
down. (2 motions.) (50.)
11. From Attention. Stride forward right, left, raising
arms forward ; extend left, right, leg backward,
stretching arms sideward ; recover first position,
and Attention. (4 motions.)
12. Breathing Exercise : "With arm raisings.
D. Marching Exercises:
1. Marching in quick time.
2. Bend forward and extend, left, right, arm down-
ward, on left or right foot.
3. Same as above, extending right, left, arm upward,
rising on toes.
E. Jumping Exercises :
1. Running broad jump, raising knees, for distance.
2. Running broad jump and two standing broad jumps.
F. Double Timing:
1. Double timing.
2. Raising knees.
3. Jumping stride.
G. Gymnastic Contests.
H. Concluding Exercises:
1. Trunk bending sideward, relaxed.
2. Breathing exercise, as in 12.
2 FIEID PHYSICAL TRAINING OP THE SOLDIER.
56. Twelfth lesson. — A. Disciplinary Exercises.
B. Starting Positions.
C Setting-up Exercises:
1. From arms flexed vertically. Raise elbows side-
ward, fling arms sideward, flex arms horizontally,
lower elbows to first position. (4 motions.)
2. Hands on hips. Full bend knees, extending arms
forward, stretch arms sideward ; stretch arms
forward ; extend knees, and recover. (4 motions.)
3. Hands on hips. Neck exercises.
4. Stride forward right, arras forward. Turn trunlt
right, stretching arms sideward ; same, left. (2
motions. )
5. Squatting position. Extend legs backward to front,
leaning ; rest ; turn to right side leaning ; rest and
recover Attention in reverse order ; same, left. (6
motions. )
6. From Attention. Stretch arms forward, sideward,
upward, sideward, forward, and down, rising on
toes with upward stretch. (6 motions.)
7. Side straddle, arms overhead, hands closed. Full
bend trunk forward, bending knees slightly,
swinging arms between legs; raise trunk, rising
on toes and bending trunk backward slightly.
(2 motions.)
8. Arms to thrust. Move shoulders forward, upward,
backward, and down. (4 motions.) (48.)
9. Side straddle, arms overhead, fingers laced. Sway
trunk sideward right and left. (2 motions.)
10. Hands on hips. Hop on right and left foot alter-
nately, extending leg forward. Four hops on
each foot. (8 motions.) (86.)
11. From Attention, repeat balance exercise described
under exercise 11, lesson 11.
12. Breathing Exercise: "Curl" shoulders forward,
slightly rotating arms inward ; Inhale, raising and
stretching arms forward — outward to side hori-
zontal, palms np ; lower laterally.
D. Marching Exercises:
1. Marching in quick time.
2. From arms to thrust. Thrust arms forward, swing
sideward, forward, and recover.
3. Repeat, alternating bending forward and extending
arm downward and extending arm upward and
rising on toes.
4. Raise knees, rising on or hopping on other foot.
LESSONS FOR HECRUITS. 83
E. Jumpinfe' Exercises:
1. Running broad jump for distance, raising knees.
2. Running broad jump and two standing jumps.
3. Running broad jump and standing hop, step, and
jump.
F. Double Timing:
1. Double timing.
2. Raising knees.
3. Jumping stride, raising knees.
G. Concluding Exercises:
1. Arm circling inward and outward, relaxed.
2. Breathing exercise, as in 12.
Section IX.
FIELD TRAINING OF TRAINED SOLDIERS.
Paragraph.
How this course differs from recruit course 57
Composition and number of lessons 58
Instructors cautioned to make course Interesting 5'.)
Trained soldier's conditioning course CO
Morning and afternoon periods Gl
57. How this course differs from recruit course. — This course
differs from the recruit instruction in that it aims to be less
for the purpose of instruction but more for the purpose of
keeping the already trained man fit and prepared for any
emergency. As the trained soldier is constantly kept engaged
in more or less strenuous military drills, and as he is also
in such physical condition that he can indulge in the more
strenuous and intensive forms of bodily activities with benefit
to himself, the time devoted to this training may be reduced
materially in his case.
58. Composition and number of lessons. — Four lessons for the
trained soldier are given here. They are to serve as examples
to instructors who may at their discretion substitute others,
so long as they adhere to the general principles laid down in
this syllabus. The amount and degree of work must be fitted
to the capabilities of the men and the time alloted to this
training.
59. Instructors cautioned to make course interesting. — In-
structors are warned that in order to maintain the trained
soldier's interest and enthusiasm the drill must be made inter-
esting. To attempt to get results by means of the same exer-
cise constantly repeated is impossible with the American
trahied soldier. Being an intelligent, thinking individual the
best results are obtained when his mind as well as his body is
employed. This can be accomplished by giving variety to the
drill.
60. Trained soldier's conditioning course. — In the trained sol-
dier's conditioning exercises, jumping, running, etc., difficulty
is added by having the men carry part of their equipment or all
of it. Beginning with the rifle other parts may be added
gradually.
61. Morning and afternoon periods. — A morning period of from
20 to 30 minutes devoted to setting-up exercises and marching
or double-time exercises, and an afternoon period of 30 minutes
devoted to bayonet training, or rifle exercises, etc., together
with voluntary athletics, in which all should be encouraged to
Indulge, will suffice to keep the trained soldier always fit.
34
Section X.
LESSONS FOR TRAINED SOLDIERS.
Paragraph.
First lesson 62
Second lesson 63
Third lesson 64
Fourth lesson ._ 65
62. First lesson. — A. Starting Positions.
B. Setting-up Exercises:
1. Arms to thrust. Thrust arms forward ; swing side-
ward; forward, and back to position. (4 mo-
tions.) (49.)
2. Forearms flexed horizontally. Rise on toes and
fling arms sideward. (2 motions.)
3. Hands on hips. Neck exercises, bending and turning.
4. Side straddle, arms forward, fingers laced. Turn
trunk right and left, swinging both arms in the
same direction. (2 motions.)
5. Full bend knees, squatting position, hands on hips.
Extend knees to on-toes position slowly and
stretch arms upward ; recover squatting position
quickly. (2 motions.)
6. Side stride right, hands on hips. Bend trunk for-
ward and extend arms downward ; recover ; then
bend trunk backward and extend arms sideward,
palms up. (4 motions.)
7. From Attention. Stretch arms downward; raise
forward, stretch sideward ; upward, rising on
toes ; lower sideward ; move forward, and recover.
(6 motions.)
8. From Attention. Leaning rest exercise in four mo-
tions. Squatting position, with hands on the
ground ; extend legs backward ; return to squat-
ting position and recover Attention. (58.)
9. Arms to thrust. Move shoulders forward, upward,
backward, and recover. (4 motions.)
10. Side straddle, arms upward, fingers laced. Bend
trunk from right to left, swaying. (2 motions.)
11. Arms to thrust. Lunge forward right, thrusting
arms forward ; in the lunging position, swing
arms sideward, then forward and recover; same
left. (4 motions.)
12. Breathing Exercise: With arm raisings.
C. Marching, Double Timing Exercises, or Contests.
35
36 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIER.
03. Second lesson. — ^A. Starting Positions.
B. Setting-up Exercises:
1. Arms to tlarust. Thrust arms upward, swing down-
ward and backward, swing iipward and recover.
(4 motions.) (55.)
2. Hands on hips. Rise on toes ; full bend linees and
extend arms sideward; return to first position
and recover. (4 motions.) (51.)
3. Hands on hips. Neck exercise, bending and turning.
4. Forward stride right, arms forward. Turn trunk
right and stretch arms sideward ; same, to tlie
left, with left foot forward.
5. Full bend knees, squatting position, arms forward.
Rock on knees and swing arms downward and
forward. (2 motions.)
6. Side stride right, arms upward, fingers laced. Bend
trunk forward, bending knees slightly, and swing
arms between the legs, raise the trunk and body
on the toes and swinfe arms upward, bending the
body backward slightly. (2 motions.)
7. From Attention. Arm-stretching exercises in six
motions.
8. From squatting position, hands on the ground. Ex-
tend to leaning rest and recover squatting posi-
tion. (2 motions.)
9. Hands on shoulders. Move elbows forward and
stretch them backward. (2 motions.) (45.)
10. Side straddle, arms upward. Bend trunk sideward
right and stretch arms sideward ; same, left. (2
motions.)
11. Hands on shoulders. Lunge sideward right and
left, extending arms sideward, and recover. (4
motions. )
12. Breathing Exercise: With arm raisings.
C. Marching, Double Timing Exercises, or Contests.
LESSONS FOR TRAINED SOLDIERS. 87
64. Third lesson. — ^A, Starting Positions.
B. Setting-up Exercises:
1. Arms to thrust. Thrust arms forward, swing right
up and left down, swing to front horizontal and
recover. Repeat, reversing arm swing. (8 mo-
tions.) (61.)
2. Hands on hips. Rise on toes and hop. (2 motions. )
(42.)
3. Hands on hips. Neck exercises, bending and turning.
4. Side stride right, arms forward. Turn trunk to the
right and stretch arms sideward ; same left. (4
motions. )
5. Full bend knees, squatting position, hands on the
ground between knees. Extend legs to side strad-
dle, hands remaining on the ground, feet in plane
of hands, and recover the squatting position.
6. Side stride right, fingers laced behind head. Full
bend trunk forward, raise and bend the trunk
backward, stretching arms sideward ; bend trunk
forward, lacing fingers in rear of head, and re-
cover. (4 motions.)
7. From Attention. Arm-stretching exercise in 6 mo-
tions.
8. In the leaning rest, bend and extend arms, or raise
legs backward alternatingly. (2 motions.)
9. From Attention. " Curl " shoulders forward and
stretch backward. (4 motions.) (38.)
10. Side straddle, arms sideward. Bend trunk sideward
right, bending right knee and swinging right arm
downward to rear of body, left arm upward close
to head; same, left. (4 motions.)
11. From Attention. Hop to side straddle, swinging
arms upward laterally ; bend knees and move
arms to side horizontal ; return to first position
and recover. (4 motions. )
12. Breathing Exercise : With arm raisings.
C. Marching, Double Timing Exercises, or Contests.
88 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAHTING OF THE SOLBTEH.
65. Fourth lesson. — A. Starting Positions.
B. Setting-np Exercises:
1. Hands on shoulders. Extend arms upward, swing-
ing downward laterally, upward laterally, and
recover. (4 motions.) (62.)
2. Hands laced behind head. Rise on toes, and rock.
(2 motions.) (Sa.)
8. Hands on hips. Necli exercises. Bend and turn.
4. Side straddle, arms upward. Turn trunk to right
and stretch arms to side horizontal; same, left.
(4 motions.)
5. Full bend knee, squatting position, hands on hips.
Hop in the squatting position.
6. Forward stride right, arms sideward. Bend trunk
forward, bending right knee ; raise trunk, extend-
ing knee, and bend trunk backward, stretching
arms upward ; return to first position and recover.
(4 motions.)
7. From Attention. Arm-stretching exercise in 6 mo-
tions.
8. From Attention. Bend to the squatting position ;
extend to the leaning rest ; squat between hands
to sitting position ; turn to the right-about to the
leaning rest and recover. (6 motions.)
9. From side horizontal, palms down. Rotate arms
backward and forward. (2 motions.) (52.)
10. Side straddle, hands on shoulders. Bend trunk side-
ward right, extending right arm obliquely down-
ward, left obliquely upward, and bend right
knee, and recover; same, left. (4 motions.)
11. From Attention. Hop to side straddle, placing
hands on shoulders; full bend trunk forward
and extend arms downward, return to first posJ-
sition and recover. (4 motions.)
12. Breathing Exercise: With arm raisings.
C. Marching Exercises, Double Timing Exercises, or Contests.
001426 055
Section XI.
GYMNASTIC CONTESTS.
Paragraph.
The object of these contests 66
Description of the contests 67-76
66. In all of these contests the men are brought into personal
contact ; they are personal encounters that, aside from their
physical value, bring out and develop aggressiveness, agility,
quickness of perception, confidence, and morale.
In contests in which superiority is determined by skill and
agility no restrictions need be placed upon the efforts of the con-
testants ; in those contests, however, that are determined chiefly
by strength and endurance it is well to call a " draw " when
the contest is likely to be drawn out to the point of exhaustion
of one or both contestants.
Two of these contests should be included in every lesson,
except in the two preliminary lessons. Contests requiring skill
and agility should alternate with those that depend upon
strength and endurance.
07. Cane wrestling. — The cane to be about an inch in diameter
and 3 feet long of hardwood, with ends rounded.
Contestants grasp it with the right hand, knuckles down, at
one end, and with the left hand, knuckles up, inside of and close
to the opponent's right hand.
The object is to wrest the cane from the opponent. Loss of
grip with either hand loses the bout. This contest brings into
play nearly all of the muscles of the body, principally those of
the shoulders, arms, upper chest, and back.
68. Pole twisting. — Contestants grasp a short pole, about 4
feet long and li inches in diameter, with both hands, knuckles
up, one hand being inside and the other outside the opponent's
hands ; arms are extended overhead.
The object is to make the pole revolve in the opponent's hands
by forcing it down. The muscles of the forearm, fingers, shoul-
ders, and upper back and chest are brought into action In this
contest.
69. " Squatting " tug. — Contestants sit on the ground facing
each other, legs extended, soles of feet in contact ; a short pole,
such as is used in pole twisting, Is grasped, as in that contest,
close to the feet.
The object is to pull the opponent to his feet. Arm, shoulder,
leg, and most of the trunk muscles are brought into play.
70. Single-pole pushing. — Contestants grasp the end of a pole,
6 feet long and 2 inches in diameter, with both hands, one end
of the pole under the right arm, and brace themselves.
The object is to push the opponent back. This contest should
be practiced with the right and left foot forward.
80
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001426 055 8
Section XI.
GYMNASTIC CONTESTS.
Paragraph.
The object of these contests 66
Description of the contests 67-76
66. In all of these contests the men are brought into personal
contact; they are personal encounters that, aside from their
physical value, bring out and develop aggressiveness, agility,
quickness of perception, confidence, and morale.
In contests in which superiority is determined by skill and
agility no restrictions need be placed upon the efforts of the con-
testants ; in those contests, however, that are determined chiefly
by strength and endurance it is well to call a " draw " when
the contest is likely to be drawn out to the point of exhaustion
of one or both contestants.
Two of these contests should be Included in every lesson,
except in the two preliminary lessons. Contests requiring skill
and agility should alternate with those that depend upon
strength and endurance.
67. Caue wrestling. — The cane to be about an inch in diameter
and 3 feet long of hardwood, with ends rounded.
Contestants grasp it with the right hand, knuckles down, at
one end, and with the left hand, knuckles up, inside of and close
to the opponent's right hand.
The object is to wrest the cane from the opponent. Loss of
grip with either hand loses the bout. This contest brings into
play nearly all of the muscles of the body, principally those of
the shoulders, arms, upper chest, and back.
68. Pole twisting. — Contestants grasp a short pole, about 4
feet long and 1^ inches in diameter, with both hands, knuckles
up, one hand being inside and the other outside the opponent's
hands ; arms are extended overhead.
The object is to make the pole revolve in the opponent's hands
by forcing it down. The muscles of the forearm, fingers, shoul-
ders, and upper back and chest are brought into action In this
contest.
69. " Squatting " tug. — Contestants sit on the ground facing
each other, legs extended, soles of feet in contact ; a short pole,
such as is used in pole twisting, is grasped, as in that contest,
close to the feet.
The object is to pull the opponent to his feet. Arm, shoulder,
leg, and most of the trunk muscles are brought into play.
70. Single-pole pushing. — Contestants grasp the end of a pole,
6 feet long and 2 inches in diameter, with both hands, one end
of the pole under the right arm, and brace themselves.
The object is to push the opponent back. This contest should
be practiced with the right and left foot forward.
39
40 FIELD PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE SOLDIER.
The extensor muscles of the legs and most of the muscles of
the trunk and shoulders are bi'ought Into action.
71. Double-pole pushing. — Same as in the above contest, except
that two poles are used instead of one.
72. Individual tug of war. — Contestants face each other, each
holding the end of an inch rope about 8 feet long in both hands.
At " go " they turn about, slipping the rope over the right
shoulder and endeavor to pull the opponent backward. This
should be practiced with the rope over the right and left
shoulders.
Most of the muscles of the trunk and arms and the extensor
muscles of the legs are brought into action.
73. One-armed wrestle. — Contestants face each other ; right
hands grasped ; feet well apart ; the outside of the right feet In
contact.
The object is to make the opponent raise or change the posi-
tion of his feet. This should also be practiced with the left
hand.
The muscles of the right arm and side and the lower trunk
and leg muscles are brought into action.
74. Limping combat. — Contestants hop on one leg, arms folded
closely over the chest.
The object is to make the opponent ciiange from one foot to
the other by butting him with the fleshy part of the shoulder or
by dodging. This should be practiced witli the left leg also.
The muscles of the leg used are brought into action.
75. One-legged tug. — Contestants standing on one leg, with
hands grasped, endeavor to pull the opponent forward. Should
be done Avith right and left legs.
Muscles of arm and leg used are brought into action.
76. The siege. — One contestant stands with one foot in a 15-
inch circle, the other foot outside of it ; arms folded. Two other
contestants, hopping as in 74, endeavor to butt him out of the
circle or make him raise the foot in the circle. The occupant
of the circle in the meantime endeavors, by butting or dodging,
to make the attackers change feet or touch the ground with
their hands.
Leg muscles are broxight into play.
77. Battle royal tug. — Three contestants stand facing each
other, with hands grasped, about a circle from 3 to 3^ feet in
diameter.
The object is to endeavor to make one of the three step into
this circle.
About every muscle of the legs, arms, and trunk are brought
into action by this contest.
78. Leg wrestling. — Contestants lie upon the ground, face up ;
right shoulders in close contact, right elbows closely locked. The
right leg is then swung upward in a given number of preliminary
swings and at a signal it is locked with the opponent's leg.
The object is to roll the opponent over by forcing his leg down.
Should be practiced with left leg also.
Leg and abdominal muscles are used chiefly.
o
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